Like many farm equipment manufacturers, Bourgault’s equipment is not only built to be heavy-duty and durable, but very large in size. Its tillage equipment can vary in size up to 125 sq. ft. in width, weighing in at more than 75,000 lbs. Assembly-line systems, conventionally employed for large equipment – such as drag-line conveyors that move products between stations or cells where specific tasks are performed – lose efficiency, productivity and safety when dealing with assembled-equipment requirements of such large size.

The manufacturing of Bourgault’s tillage equipment is segmented into two different sections. The framework is welded together, powder coated, and then hydraulic cylinders are installed in one section of the plant. This assembly is then moved to another section of the plant where ground openers, fertilizer and seed dispensing systems, and other options specified by customers, are assembled and tested. It was in this assembly stage where Bourgault engineers confronted their biggest challenge in designing a more efficient and streamlined system to integrate into its newly-expanded facility.

Engineering an Ultra-Large-Scale Moving-Floor Assembly Line

“We conducted considerable research on different systems for assembly of our tillage equipment,” said David Konopacki, lead engineer with Bourgault. “We consulted with a number of system manufactures, but none could provide a solution to meet our needs, because the sheer size and weight of our tillage equipment exceeded their systems’ capabilities.”

After assessing many different options, Bourgault’s internal engineering team, led by Konopacki, determined that a moving-floor assembly line would deliver the best throughput volumes and cost efficiencies for the company’s needs. The idea was to have the moving floor not only support the tillage equipment during assembly, but to also have it support the kitting systems and parts to be assembled, as well as the workers doing the assembly. By the time the tillage equipment reached the end of the assembly line, it would be completely assembled and tested, and ready to be discharged from the moving assembly floor, and destined for warehousing or shipping.

To facilitate bringing this design concept to fruition, Bourgault brought in PFlow Industries to co-engineer and build the moving-floor assembly system. Working in tandem, the PFlow and Bourgault engineering teams came up with a unique ultra-large-scale moving-floor assembly system. The design utilizes a string of 25’ x 10’ wheeled carts, with a working surface of steel plates to support the tillage equipment and the workers performing the assembly functions. These 37 cart segments were designed to be queued end-to-end to form a continuous 370’ L x 25’ W floor, which would be pushed along on rails by hydraulic cylinders. As the carts reached the end of the line, the completed tillage equipment would be rolled off from the assembly system. The carts would then be lowered, and transported underneath the assembly system back to the front of the line to be reused.

“PFlow initially caught our interest because of the company’s existing product line of vertical lifts,” continued Konopacki. “We were looking for a solution on how to lower the carts down underneath the system once they had reached the end of the line, and how to raise the carts back up, after being transferred underneath to the front of the system where they could be reused. Not only was PFlow able to design a custom downlift and uplift solution that fit our needs, but the company also engineered the entire moving-floor assembly system, based on our initial design concept, then manufactured and installed it.”

Engineering on the project was started in tandem with the design of the building site. Since the assembly surface of the moving-floor system was designed to sit level with the manufacturing plant’s floor, virtually the entire system resides below floor level. A 496’ L x 32’ W x 9’ D concrete-lined pit had to be constructed when the foundation of the building was laid, to house the system.

Mechanics of Floor Movement

The moving-floor assembly system, consisting of almost one-million-pounds of fabricated steel, utilizes 37 wheeled carts at any given time on the working surface. The carts ride along on an underneath treble-rail system. An additional 9 carts are simultaneously in transition at the ends of the floor, and being transported underneath the system.

The carts, which weigh in at 9,000 lbs. each, are not propelled individually, but instead, the first cart is pushed using an innovative pair of servo-controlled hydraulic cylinders that propel the entire line of carts. Each pusher incorporates position feedback that is fed to a PID servo-hydraulic controller enabling precise control of position, velocity and acceleration of each pusher.

While the first pusher moves the string of carts at a constant speed, the second pusher extracts the next cart from a front-end vertical lift (which brings returning carts up from below the system), accelerating it to catch up to the moving line of carts. The second pusher smoothly matches the speed of the line, and ultimately takes over moving the entire line at the same established speed. Once the second pusher has control, the first pusher returns to the front end of the string of carts, and then smoothly takes over moving the string again. The second cylinder now moves to once again extract the next cart from the front-end vertical lift and accelerates it to catch up to the moving line of carts. This sequence of synchronized handoffs between the two hydraulic pushers is repeated over and over to smoothly and continuously move the floor surface.

“This synchronized handoff of the hydraulic pushers is a key feature of the design,” said Mark Webster, VP of Engineering, at PFlow. “We looked at many different ways of accomplishing the movement of the floor. The tillage machines impose multiple 20,000 lbs. point loads to the moving surface. Because of this, and other unique characteristics, conventional assembly line systems such as tow conveyors or flat-top conveyors were quickly ruled out as options.”

“Each cart contacts adjacent carts at a single contact point, mid-point of the width,” continued Webster. “This arrangement allows each individual cart to follow the rails in sequence, eliminating the need for highly accurate rail alignment and adjustment of contact points. The carts remain in contact entirely due to the back-pressure created by the normal friction in the system. Deceleration of the moving floor is precisely controlled to be less than the normal deceleration due to friction, such that the carts never lose contact with each other during normal operation.”

The speed of the moving floor is user-selectable, ranging between 0.125 feet and 3.25 feet per minute, effectively taking between 13/4 hours and 45 hours for the floor to make a full transition.